Periodontal disease is a growing public health issue in the United States – yet it’s underdiagnosed and undertreated. Now, a new approach could help to improve diagnosis and treatment.
In the early stage of periodontal disease – gingivitis – gums are swollen, red and may bleed. In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost and teeth may loosen or even fall out. Retention of natural teeth is important for good nutrition and other factors related to maintaining good health. According to the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 47 percent of adults aged 30 years and older and 79 percent of adults 65 years and older have some form of periodontal disease.
Researchers from Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Dentistry have now developed computer algorithms to track periodontal disease change, which could help dentists and periodontists follow disease progression. They also have developed tools to enable the use of electronic dental record data to automate diagnosis of the disease.
“Gum disease, which is typically underdiagnosed, is reversible if caught at an early stage before it has affected underlying structures and adversely impacted tooth support. Enabling dentists to track the disease using both the information in clinical notes and the periodontal charting data contained in a patient’s electronic dental record can enable diagnosis and hope,” said Thankam Thyvalikakath, DMD, MDS, PhD, who leads the Regenstrief Institute-IU School of Dentistry Dental Informatics Program. Adding that “we are here to develop and establish a culture of documenting and diagnosing cases in a structured manner as is done in medicine,” she notes that approximately 90 percent of dental practices in the U. S. use electronic dental records.
“I think the advantage of our approaches is that, using routinely collected data, we can automate and monitor gum disease treatments and changes that are visible only clinically, so we can catch gum disease at an early, potentially reversible, stage. This contrasts with other approaches that leverage only radiographs, which only show advanced gum disease.” Factors increasing risk of periodontal disease include tobacco use, diabetes, poor oral hygiene, stress, defective dental fillings, and bridges as well as medications that cause dry mouth.
“There is a bidirectional relationship between certain risk factors and gum disease,” said Thyvalikakath. “For example, having diabetes increases risk of periodontal disease and having periodontal disease negatively affects the course of diabetes. A similar relationship exists between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease. Recognizing, monitoring, and treating gum disease is an important part of overall patient health.”
This article is based on a press release by Regenstrief Institute. You can find the original publication here and by following the link in our text.
Image source: Amr Taha™, unsplash
