Brain with meninges

Brain with meninges Nerves that do not originate in the spinal nerves, but in specialized nerve cell accumulations (cranial nerve nuclei) are called cranial nerves. Cranial nerves always have at least one site of passage within the bony structure of the skull. The cranial nerves are consecutevely numbered in Roman numbers, rostrally to caudally according to their emergence from the brain.This systematics is not homogenous.

I. Cranial nerve: Olfactory nerve (resp., olfactory fila, which originate in the olfactory bulb - varying from this, also the rudcmentally existing Jacobson'sche organ i humans is called I. Cranial nerve)

II. Cranial nerve: optic nerve

III. Cranial nerve: oculomotorius nerve

IV. Cranial nerve: trochlear nerve

V. Cranial nerve: trigeminus nerve

VI. Cranial nerve: abducens nerve

VII. Cranial nerve: facial nerve

VIII. Cranial nerve: statoacusti or vestibulocochlear nerve

IX. Cranial nerve: glossopharyngeal nerve

X. Cranial nerve: vagus nerve

XI. Cranial nerve: accessory nerve

XII. Cranial nerve: hypoglossus nerve

Between the Dura mater and the underlying Arachnoidea, there is a small gap partly filled with connective tissue, the subdural space. This can be filled up with venous or, rarely, arterial blood in a trauma, and thereby put pressure on the deeper situated areas of the brain. Such a subdural hematoma has to be relieved in an emergency surgery to prevent permanent damage.