Simplified diagram showing key events that leads to allergy initiation

Simplified diagram showing key events that leads to allergy initiation Simplified diagram showing key events that leads to allergy initiation.

A. the allergen enters the body.

B. an Antigen-presenting cell takes up the allergen molecule and presents its epitopes, through the MHC II receptor, onto its surface. The activated antigen presenting cell then migrates to the nearest lymph node

C. where its activates T cells that recognize the allergen. They then give the decision for the T cell to differentiate to Th2 cell.

D. at the same time, B cells recognize the allergen and through the activated Th2 cell

E. the B cell would be activated.

F.and differentiate into plasma cells, at which point they would actively synthesize antibodies of the IgE isotype.

G. the IgE antibody, that now recognizes epitopes of the allergen molecule, circulates around the body through the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems and finally binds to its Fc?RI receptor on mast and basophil cells.

H. when the allergen re-enters the body at a later time it binds to the IgE, which is on the cell surface, resulting in an aggregation of the receptor causing the cells to release pre-formed mediators. One of these mediators is histamine which causes the 5 symptoms of allergic inflammation: heat, pain, swelling, redness and itchiness. Another mediator is IL-4, which affects more B cells to differentiate into plasma cells and produce more IgE and thus the vicious cycle continues.

Author: Sabban, Sari (2011) Development of an in vitro model system for studying the interaction of Equus caballus IgE with its high- affinity Fc?RI receptor (PhD thesis) The University of Sheffield